Recurrent Urine infections or UTI

• Recurrent urinary tract infections, presenting as dysuria or irritative voiding symptoms, are most commonly caused by reinfection with the original bacterial isolate in young, otherwise healthy women with no anatomic or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract. It's more common in young women.

Acute UTI

• Its occur due to sudden exposure of bacteria like using a public toilet, using unhygienic cloths or having unprotected sex.

Hydronephrosis

• Hydronephrosis is a condition that typically occurs when a kidney swells due to urine failing to properly drain from the kidney to the bladder. This swelling most commonly affects only one kidney, but it can involve both kidneys.

Cause

Kidney stone

Enlarged prostate

Blockage of ureter

Pregnancy (due pressure of fetus in kidney ureter)

Tumor in ureter or near by ureter

Narrowing of ureter

Symptoms

pain in the abdomen or flank

nausea

vomiting

Pain when urinating

incomplete voiding, or bladder emptying

a fever

Stone

• Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals. Kidney stones usually originate in your kidneys. They can develop anywhere along your urinary tract, which consists of these parts:

kidneys

ureters

bladder

urethra

Types of stones

Calcium :- Calcium stones are the most common. They’re often made of calcium oxalate

Uric acid :- This type of kidney stone is more common in men than in women

Struvite :- This type of stone is found mostly in women with urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Cystine :- Cystine stones are rare. They occur in both men and women who have the genetic disorder cystinuria.

Causes

Dehydration

Obesity

hyperparathyroid condition

Diet with high protein ,and glucose

Gastric bypass surgery

inflammatory bowel diseases that increase calcium absorption

Taking medications such as triamterene diuretics, antiseizure drugs, and calcium-based antacids

Acute and chronic kidney failure

Acute kidney failure

• Acute kidney injury, which used to be called acute renal failure, is more commonly reversible than chronic kidney failure. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is usually caused by an event that leads to kidney malfunction, such as dehydration, blood loss from major surgery or injury, or the use of strong allopathic medicines.

Chronic kidney failure

• Chronic kidney disease, also called chronic kidney failure, describes the gradual loss of kidney function. Your kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which are then excreted in your urine. When chronic kidney disease reaches an advanced stage, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes can build up in your body.

Causes

Diabetes type 1 or 2

Hypertension

Interstitial nephritis

Glomerulonephritis

Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract

Polycystic kidney disease

Symptoms

Nausea

Vomiting

Loss of appetite

Fatigue and weakness

Sleep problems

Changes in how much you urinate

Decreased mental sharpness

Muscle twitches and cramps

Swelling of feet and ankles

Persistent itching

Chest pain, if fluid builds up around the lining of the heart

Shortness of breath, if fluid builds up in the lungs

High blood pressure (hypertension) that's difficult to control